Everything about Second-class Citizen totally explained
Second-class citizen is an informal term used to describe a person who is systematically
discriminated against within a
state or other political jurisdiction, despite their nominal status as a citizen or legal resident there. While not necessarily
slaves,
outlaws or
criminals, second-class citizens have limited legal rights, civil rights and economic opportunities, and are often subject to mistreatment or neglect at the hands of their putative superiors. Instead of being protected by the law, the law disregards a second-class citizen, or it may actually be used to
harass them.
Second-class citizenry is generally regarded as a violation of human rights. Typical impediments facing second-class citizens include, but are not limited to,
disenfranchisement (a lack or loss of voting rights), limitations on
civil or
military service (not including
conscription in every case), as well as restrictions on
language,
religion,
education, freedom of movement and association, weapons ownership
(External Link
),
marriage,
housing and
property ownership.
The term is generally used as a
pejorative or in the context of
civil society activism and governments will typically deny the existence of a second class within the
polity. As an informal term, second-class citizenship isn't objectively measured; however, cases such as the
American South under
segregation,
apartheid in
South Africa, the people of
India under the
British Raj, and the marginalization of religious and ethnic minorities and women in many countries worldwide, have been historically described as creating second-class citizenry.
By contrast, a
resident alien or
foreign national may have limited rights within a jurisdiction (such as not being able to vote, and having to register with the government), but is also given the law's protection, and is usually accepted by the local population. A
naturalized citizen carries essentially the same rights and responsibilities as any other citizen (a possible exception being ineligibility for certain public offices), and is also legally protected.
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